摘要: Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on some aspects of water relations. In past years, the basic concepts cell-water relations, osmotic pressure, suction force, diffusion pressure deficit, and turgor have been critically examined from a thermodynamic standpoint. The state in cell is best expressed terms free energy. If at equilibrium with its surroundings, all various parts—cell wall, cytoplasm organelles, vacuole—are same potential. vacuole, lowering potential results almost entirely solutes, while wall it surface tension adsorptive forces that make up matric There are two pathways available for movement through tissues, such as root cortex or leaf mesophyll. Water can pass vacuole to by osmosis across membranes response gradient potential, flow along walls gradients hydrostatic intermicellar spaces walls. picture supported considerations velocity relation permeability cells.