The Effects of Copper and Nickel on the Embryonic Life Stages of the Purple Sea Urchin ( Strongylocentrotus purpuratus )

摘要: The aim of this research was to generate data on the mechanisms toxicity copper [Cu (4–12 µg/L)] and nickel [Ni (33–40 µg/L)] during continuous sublethal exposure in seawater (32 ppt, 15 °C) a sensitive test organism (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) at its most life stage (developing embryo). Whole-body ions [calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg)], metal burdens, Ca uptake, ATPase activity were measured every 12 h first 72–84 h development. Ionoregulatory disruption clearly an important mechanism for both metals occurred with minimal bioaccumulation. Most noteworthy significant homeostasis, which evident from inhibition unidirectional uptake rates, whole-body accumulation, intermittently At various times, Cu- Ni-exposed embryos also displayed lower levels K increased Na suggesting Na/K activity. Greater Mg initial stages development Cu-exposed observed considered possible compensatory disruptions homeostasis because these are constituents developing spicule. Notably, effects but reversed by 72–84 h. We therefore propose that it is value study toxic impacts contaminants periodically before traditional end point 48–72 h.