摘要: Abstract Agroecosystems may be regarded as true cybernetic systems whose goal is increased social value. This achieved through a variety of strategies that combine different levels productivity, stability, sustainability and equitability. Agricultural development thus involves making trade-offs between these properties. The point illustrated by selected examples from agricultural history, including the origins agriculture, manorial modern western Green Revolution in Indonesia. It suggested properties used normatively combined criteria for evaluating performance programmes projects.
icrisat.ac.in
elsevier.com参考文章(74)
O L Loucks, Emergence of Research on Agro-Ecosystems Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. ,vol. 8, pp. 173- 192 ,(1977) , 10.1146/ANNUREV.ES.08.110177.001133
K. A. C. Parker, COKE OF NORFOLK AND THE AGRARIAN REVOLUTION The Economic History Review. ,vol. 8, pp. 156- 166 ,(1955) , 10.1111/J.1468-0289.1955.TB01556.X
Miguel A. Altieri, M. Kat Anderson, An ecological basis for the development of alternative agricultural systems for small farmers in the Third World Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems. ,vol. 1, pp. 30- 38 ,(1986) , 10.1017/S0889189300000771
Dudley Jackson, A. B. Atkinson, The Economics of Inequality. The Economic Journal. ,vol. 86, pp. 132- ,(1976) , 10.2307/2230967
C. Peter Timmer, Choice of technique in rice milling on Java. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies. ,vol. 9, pp. 57- 76 ,(1973) , 10.1080/00074917312331332272
J. Philip Grime, Plant strategies and vegetation processes ,(1979)
The water industry and the nitrogen cycle Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. ,vol. 296, pp. 459- 475 ,(1982) , 10.1098/RSTB.1982.0020
Soentoro, William L. Collier, Makali, Gunawan Wiradi, Agricultural Technology and Institutional Change in Java Food Research Institute Studies. ,vol. 13, pp. 1- 26 ,(1974)
Gordon H. Orians, Diversity, stability and maturity in natural ecosystems Springer, Dordrecht. pp. 139- 150 ,(1975) , 10.1007/978-94-010-1954-5_11
G. R. Conway, Agroecosystem analysis for research and development. Agroecosystem analysis for research and development.. ,(1986)