Conservation policy and indigenous peoples

摘要: Abstract Exclusionary models of land management can be traced back to the first millennium B.C. Conservation through establishment ‘national parks’, pioneered in USA and applied world-wide, has violated rights indigenous peoples causing impoverishment social problems. International laws now recognise peoples’ new conservation policies accept that may own manage protected areas. Participatory field research shows these principles are not yet widely Latin America, Africa Asia as national policies, institutions have revised conformity with international law. Recommendations made on how agencies should change their ways if future initiatives create further poverty.