Approaches to Identify Inhibitors of Melanin Biosynthesis via the Quality Control of Tyrosinase

摘要: Tyrosinase, a copper-containing glycoprotein, is the rate-limiting enzyme critical for melanin biosynthesis in specialized organelles termed melanosomes that are produced only by melanocytic cells. Inhibitors of tyrosinase activity have long been sought as therapeutic means to treat cutaneous hyperpigmentary disorders. Multiple potential approaches exist could control pigmentation via regulation activity, example: transcription its messenger RNA, maturation glycosylation, trafficking melanosomes, well modulation catalytic and/or stability. However, relatively little attention has paid regulating stability tyrosinase, which depends on processing and endoplasmic reticulum Golgi, delivery degradation ubiquitin-proteasome pathway endosomal/lysosomal system. Recently, it shown carbohydrate modification, molecular chaperone engagement, ubiquitylation all play pivotal roles degradation/stability tyrosinase. While such processes affect virtually proteins, effects immediate dramatic consequences pigmentation. In this review, we classify melanogenic inhibitory factors terms their function summarize current understanding how quality impacts activity.