The σ and π Holes. The Halogen and Tetrel Bondings: Their Nature, Importance and Chemical, Biological and Medicinal Implications

摘要: The non-covalent halogen bonding, or simply is known since last century and it was slightly explored by several scientists in the fifties. However, scientific community started to recognize importance applications of bonding two decades. Now, great efforts are being done on theoretical studies better understand fundamental backgrounds this type and, also, study potential these interactions their a wide variety areas, like materials science, biomedicine drug design optimization. Moreover, possible find organic synthesis, organocatalysis, also stereochemistry conformational stability halogenated biomolecules. This phenomenon, observed for atoms, now appreciated other elements right side periodic table, example tetrels, pnicogens, chalcogens even noble gases aerogens. In review article, perspectives bonds analysed, especially case atoms putting emphasis actual future applications. does not pretend be deep extensive revision but give perspective with aim informative understandable, stimulant non-experts matter.