Sphincter Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy

摘要: There is little doubt that using the anal sphincter as a pharmacological target has contributed to our understanding of anorectal physiology. The ability pharmacologically modulate function led significant changes in approach management certain benign diseases. In this chapter, we will describe current knowledge pharmacology and pharmacotherapy sphincter, well physiological aspects complex, particular, its innervation. discussion includes state neurotransmitters involved control suggested mechanisms for their manipulation principally designed manage patients with fissure disease fecal incontinence. consists an inner ring smooth muscle, internal (IAS), surrounded by outer striated external (EAS). IAS involuntary muscle continuous contraction result intrinsic myogenic properties extrinsic innervation autonomic nerves (1). EAS, being voluntary innervated pudendal (somatic) nerve. Together they play central role maintenance continence.The contributes up 85% overall resting pressure, while EAS thought contribute 50% particularly during periods rectal distension (2). When required, component can be called upon momentarily raise pressure order defer defecation. functioning therefore relies on IAS, somatic EAS.