Role and Therapeutic Targeting of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Skin Cancer: A Review of Current Status and Future Trends on Natural and Synthetic Agents Therapy.

摘要: The mammalian or mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and associated phosphatidyl-inositiol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathways regulate cell growth, differentiation, migration, survival, as well angiogenesis metabolism. Dysregulation these is frequently with genetic/epigenetic alterations predicts poor treatment outcomes in a variety human cancers including cutaneous malignancies like melanoma non-melanoma skin cancers. Recently, the enhanced understanding molecular genetic basis dysfunction patients has provided strong for development novel therapeutic strategies obdurate groups This review summarizes recent advances roles PI3K/Akt/mTOR their targets progression broad spectrum discusses current progress preclinical clinical studies targeted therapies nutraceuticals synthetic small molecule inhibitors.