Ground Surface Settlements due to Underground Works

摘要: Ground surface deformations due to tunneling are crucial in urban regions where damages structures and utilities should be prevented. In this paper the detection monitoring of vertical displacements an area situated above axis one Athens METRO tunnels, on constructions were observed during excavations, is presented. For purpose a geodetic control network established (March 2003). The features network, especially those regarding its sensitivity reliability Significant ranging up 96mm detected from comparison adjusted heights network’s points against reference epoch t0 before beginning underground works. Finally conclusions withdrawn