Changes in arctic vegetation on Jan Mayen Island over 19 and 80 years

摘要: Questions Can recent vegetation changes on an isolated, grazer-free island be explained by climate change? Are observed consistent when focusing two different time scales? Location Jan Mayen, arctic volcanic in the North Atlantic Ocean. Methods We re-surveyed botanical studies conducted 19 and 80 yr earlier to explore species frequency, cover co-occurrence with other species. The were statistically evaluated using restricted permutation tests compared for scales considered Pearson correlation tests. Results Total number of did not significantly change over periods considered. One (Botrychium lunaria) was found new island. dwarf-shrub Salix herbacea several graminoids increased frequency or cover, both, whereas linked snowbeds (e.g. Saxifraga spp., Oxyria digyna, Cerastium cerastoides) decreased. Changes 19 yr correlated 80-yr considering but comparing co-occurrences. Observed more pronounced comparison. Conclusions Our findings from virtually Jan Mayen are line short- long-term Arctic confirm that indirect effects longer growing season, altered soil moisture conditions, nutrient availability) may main driver composition. However, our study trend similar both considered, discrepancies trends some suggest only partly predictable short-term studies.