Seasonal changes in groundwater composition in an industrial center of south India and quality evaluation for consumption and health risk using geospatial methods

摘要: Abstract Effluents from leather tanneries and other small-scale industries have caused groundwater contamination in one of the biggest industrial centers (i.e. Vellore) south India. This study evaluated quality 70 different open tube wells for consumption health risks by collecting samples four seasons between 2017−2018. We compared physicochemical parameters with international drinking water standards (World Health Organization) to know their suitability human consumption. Piper’s trilinear diagram classified most them as Ca-Cl mixed Ca-Mg-Cl types. Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) spatial interpolation showed distributions parameters. These parameters, including Water Quality Index (WQI), indicated that collected during non-rainfall (post-NE monsoon: 82.8 %; pre-SW 78.6 %) were ‘poor’ However, qualities 40–44.3 % both rainfall (NE SW monsoon) “good”. non-carcinogenic children adults nitrate-rich estimating Hazard Quotient (HQ). Our results did not suggest any risk seasons. In seasons, about 59–63 posed 37–39 possible adult population.