Breath-Holding During Exhalation as a Simple Manipulation to Reduce Pain Perception

摘要: Objective Baroreceptor stimulation yields antinociceptive effects. In this study, baroreceptors were stimulated by a respiratory maneuver, with the effect of manipulation on pain perception subsequently measured. Methods Thirty-eight healthy participants instructed to inhale slowly (control condition) and hold air in lungs after deep inhalation (experimental condition). It was expected that breath-holding would increases blood pressure (BP) thus stimulate baroreceptors, which turn reduce perception. Pain induced algometry nail left-index finger, at three different intensities, quantified visual analogue scales. Heart rate (HR) BP continuously recorded. Results lower when administered during phase versus slow phase, regardless intensity. During breath-holding, rapid increase decrease HR observed, demonstrating activation baroreceptor reflex. Conclusion is reduced painful applied immediately following inhalation. These results suggest simple easy-to-perform maneuver could be used acute