Hypothyroidism on Lipid Metabolism

摘要: The thyroid gland is important in the human body because of its ability to produce hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4), necessaries for appropriate energy levels an active life. It has long been known that are vital importance maintaining initial level phospholipids cell membranes fatty acids composition lipids (Prasad & Kumar, 2005). T3 plays a critical role lipid metabolism by regulating genes involved lipogenesis lipolysis (Zhu Chang, 2010). underlying mechanisms, however, have only begun be unraveled recent years. Hypothyroidism, characterized low serum hormone levels, associated with reduced metabolism, lipolysis, weight gain, cholesterol clearance, elevated cholesterol. genomic nongenomic effects (Davis et al., 2008). Thyroid exert their stimulation receptors (TRs) different tissue distribution metabolic targets. possess two isoforms, TR┙ TR┚ (Nr1a1 Nr1a2) encoded (NR1A1) (NR1A2) genes, each isoform exists as or three subtypes, respectively (┙1, ┙ 2, ┚1, ┚2, ┚3). key postnatal development, adipose cardiac whereas regulates multiple steps hepatic well (Oetting Yen, 2007). Nuclear mechanisms action extensively described but increasing number at cellular recognized past 10 years (Cheng al. Nongenomic actions definition independent on nuclear plasma membrane, various organelles, cytoskeleton, cytoplasm. include alterations transport solutes like Ca++, Na+ glucose, changes activities several kinases, including protein kinase C, cAMP-dependent mitogen-activated kinase. Iodothyronines also can regulate nongenomically through C activation neutral lipids, phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate [PtdIns (4, 5) P2] (Axelband 2011).