Ontogeny of noradrenergic effects on ultrasonic vocalizations in rat pups.

摘要: The ontogeny of noradrenergic effects and the interaction opioid systems on vocalizations in rat pups from Day 10 to 18 were evaluated. given clonidine (0.05 or 0.5 mg/kg) ip showed a sustained high level calling throughout 25-min isolation period that was reversed with yohimbine (0.1 mg/kg). 15 identical profiles lower baseline rate. 17 pups' calls differentially affected according dose; reduced vocalizing clonidine. In addition, it found at all ages when increased during isolation, vocalized nest as well. Naltrexone, an antagonist, lost its effectiveness increase after unless subsequent These results suggest are by stimulation inhibition developmental changes.