MRI of chemical reactions and processes

摘要: As magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can spatially resolve a wealth of molecular information available from nuclear (NMR), it is able to non-invasively visualise the composition, properties and reactions broad range spatially-heterogeneous systems. Hence, MRI increasingly finding applications in study chemical processes diverse environments technologies. This article will explain basic principles how be used composition properties, providing an overview variety available. Examples are drawn disciplines chemistry, engineering, environmental science, physics, electrochemistry materials science. The review introduces techniques produce image contrast, along with insight accessible through them. Methods for mapping distribution species, using shift or spatially-resolved spectroscopy, reviewed, as well methods visualising physical state, temperature, current density, flow velocities diffusion. Strategies low signal intensity, such those containing gases sensitivity nuclei, compressed sensing, para-hydrogen polarisation transfer, discussed. Systems presented which encapsulate diversity parameters observable by MRI, including one- two-phase porous media, pattern formation, phase transformations hydrodynamic (fingering) instabilities. Lastly, emerging area electrochemical discussed, studies on visualisation deposition dissolution during corrosion operation batteries, supercapacitors fuel cells.