Zamazama, “illegal” artisanal miners, misrepresented by the South African Press and Government

摘要: Abstract Contrary to views of South African government officials and the media, illegal miners ( zamazama ) in Africa are better described as ‘artisanal’ entrepreneurs who create significant numbers jobs economic value for many local communities. For most part, they not ignorant desperados, nor especially violent. They have unusual non-standard mining skills knowledge that is distinctly different from industrial miners. exploit gold resources major mines cannot access interact directly with global markets. With legislation and, possibly, training, could be assets elements national heritage.