PM 2.5 and Associated Ionic Species in a Sub-urban Coastal Area of Kuala Terengganu, Southern South China Sea (Malaysia) (PM 2.5 dan Spesies Ion Berkaitan di Kawasan Bandar Pesisir Pantai, Kuala Terengganu, Perairan Selatan Laut China Selatan (Malaysia))

摘要: PM 2.5 mass concentration and associated water-soluble ionic species in a sub-urban coastal area of Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia were investigated intermittently from year 2006 to 2009. A total 78 weekly samples analyzed. The exhibited annual, seasonal diurnal variations. Temporal distributions rainfall, sporadic haze episodes local air flow (sea breeze circulation) factors controlling variations the study area. Although concentrations increased during (August October) 2007 (October), their however, still within international guidelines. average individual ions was decreasing trend; SO 4 2- > NH + K Na NO 3 - Cl Ca 2+ . accounted for 70% aerosol mass. More than 80% with are non-marine sources. Major processes affecting composition biomass burning, crustal loading sea spray. Air quality mitigation strategies should focus on anthropogenic activities emitting 2 , which promotes formation.