Confinement and string breaking for QED$_2$ in the Hamiltonian picture

摘要: The formalism of matrix product states is used to perform a numerical study 1+1 dimensional QED -- also known as the (massive) Schwinger model in presence an external static `quark' and `antiquark'. We obtain detailed picture transition from confining state at short interquark distances broken-string `hadronized' large this for wide range couplings, recovering predicted behavior both weak strong coupling limit continuum theory. In addition relevant local observables like charge electric field, we compute (bipartite) entanglement entropy show that subtraction its vacuum value results UV-finite quantity. find string formation breaking leave clear imprint on resulting profile. Finally, case fractional probe charges, simulating first time phenomenon partial breaking.