Impact of environmental estrogens on Yfish considering the diversity of estrogen signaling.

摘要: Research on endocrine disruption in fish has been dominated by studies estrogen-active compounds which act as mimics of the natural estrogen, 17β-estradiol (E2), and generally exert their biological actions binding to activation estrogen receptors (ERs). Estrogens play central roles reproductive physiology regulate (female) sexual differentiation. In line with this, most adverse effects reported for exposed environmental estrogens relate differentiation reproduction. E2, however, utilizes a variety signaling mechanisms, multifaceted functions targets, therefore toxicological ecological will extend beyond those associated This review first describes diversity receptor fish, including both genomic non-genomic crosstalk. It then considers range non-reproductive physiological processes that are known be responsive estrogens, sensory systems, brain, immune system, growth, specifically through growth hormone/insulin-like factor osmoregulation. The responses between species is addressed, framed within evolutionary contexts, we make assessments relevance sensitivity well vulnerability. raises questions whether current risk assessment strategies, focus endpoints, few model only, protective wider potential health estrogens. Available - although limited evidence nevertheless suggests quantitative threshold concentrations protection derived from tests well. across divergent may lead underestimation impacts populations considered one functional process only this underrepresent impact different collectively.