Unusual manifestations of invasive pneumococcal infection

摘要: Unusual pneumococcal infections occurred frequently in the preantibiotic age but rapidly declined with advent of antibiotic era. Unfortunately, morbidity and mortality associated invasive disease remain high despite therapy monumental advances medical technology. The incidence has increased recently because onset human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic emergence antibiotic-resistant pneumococcus. Robert Austrian described clinical triad pneumonia, meningitis, endocarditis, a syndrome that now bears his name. Although seen infrequently today, unusual manifestations infection such as those reported still occur. A review these cases is warranted because, drug-resistant organisms continue to emerge worldwide, more will be seen. Streptococcus pneumoniae responsible for remarkable array processes; our literature uncovered 95 different types representing 2,064 cases. Examples included pancreatic liver abscesses, aortitis, gingival lesions, phlegmonous gastritis, inguinal adenitis, testicular tubo-ovarian necrotizing fasciitis. We also reviewed predisposing underlying illnesses conditions. Alcoholism, HIV infection, splenectomy, connective tissue disease, steroid use, diabetes mellitus, intravenous drug use common risk factors infections. Currently, multidrug-resistant S. remains susceptible vancomycin several new third-generation fluoroquinolones. As what some fear possible postantibiotic era approaches, clinicians must able recognize manage