Biomimetic and synthetic interfaces to tune immune responses (Review)

摘要: Organisms depend upon complex intercellular communication to initiate, maintain, or suppress immune responses during infection disease. Communication occurs not only between different types of cells, but also cells and nonimmune pathogenic entities. It can occur directly at the cell–cell contact interface, indirectly through secreted signals that bind cell surface molecules. Though be soluble, they particulate in nature direct cell–particle interface. Secreted extracellular vesicles are an example native communication, while viruses examples foreign particulates. Inspired by natural immunological interfaces, biomimetic materials designer molecules have been developed mimic type response. This review describes ways which native, biomimetic, mediate responses. Examples include vesicles, particles pathogens, hybrid with multiple signaling functions, engineered target Interactions these leading increased understanding function, as well development therapeutics for treatment infection, cancer, autoimmune