Polyunsaturated fatty acids in the food chain in Europe

摘要: Intakes of partially hydrogenated fish oil and animal fats have declined those palm, soybean, sunflower, rapeseed oils increased in northern Europe the past 30 y. Soybean are currently most plentiful liquid vegetable both desirable ratios n-6 to n-3 fatty acids. However, soybean commonly for use commercial frying decrease susceptibility oxidative degradation. This process leads selective losses alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3). Intake linoleic (18:2n-6) has risen many European countries. In United Kingdom, intakes from approximately 10 g/d late 1970s 15 1990s. The intake is estimated be 1-2 but varies with type culinary used. There few reliable estimates long-chain acids, generally 0.1-0.5 g/d. intensive, cereal-based livestock production systems resulted a lower proportion acids meat compared traditional extensive systems. Overall, there been shift balance between over reflected declining concentrations docosahexaenoic rising breast milk.