The impact of wild geese visiting improved grasslands in the Netherlands

摘要: (1) The number of migratory geese spending winter and early spring in the Netherlands increased from 100000 1960s to almost 600000 1983-84 winter. most common species are: white-fronted goose Anser albifrons (Scopoli), greylag anser (Linn6), bean fabalis (Latham), pink-footed brachyrhynchus (Baillon), barnacle Branta leucopsis (Bechst.) brent bernicla (Linn6). Since these forage mainly on improved grasslands, their increase was accompanied by a growing complaints dairy farmers about yield losses deterioration swards. yearly amount paid Dutch government protect pay for rose ?1500 1974 ?450 000 1984. In order establish an objective method assessment damage, combination grazing, treading defecating wild Loliumswards studied northern province Friesland. (2) grazing grasslands resulted dry-matter at first cut or 335-1100 kg haI depending pressure, time productivity sward. There were no after cut. (3) significant effects plant sward nor tillers dm-2 per species. (4) net energy value pasture as result did not compensate loss herbage production. (5) Defecating had demonstrable effect chemical physical soil characteristics such N, P, K contents upper layer, water conductivity compaction. (6) retardation growth grass resulting usually takes place paddocks that are mown instead being grazed livestock, it is discussed whether farmer could counteract means small adaptations grassland utilization scheme.