Whole mitochondrial genomes unveil the impact of domestication on goat matrilineal variability

摘要: The current extensive use of the domestic goat (Capra hircus) is result its medium size and high adaptability as multiple breeds. extent to which genetic variability was influenced by early domestication practices largely unknown. A common standard analyze maternally-inherited livestock species through complete sequencing entire mitogenome (mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA). We present first survey mitogenomic based on 84 sequences selected from an initial collection 758 samples that represent 60 different breeds C. hircus, well wild sister species, bezoar aegagrus) Iran. Our phylogenetic analyses dated most recent ancestor hircus ~460,000 years (ka) ago identified five distinctive haplogroups (A, B1, C1a, D1 G). More than 90 % goats examined were in haplogroup A. These lineages are predominantly nested within aegagrus branches, diverged concomitantly at interface between Epipaleolithic Neolithic periods, underwent a dramatic expansion starting ~12–10 ka ago. Domestic mitogenomes descended small number founding haplotypes after surviving last glacial maximum Near Eastern refuges. All modern probably single (or few closely related) female aegagrus. Zooarchaelogical data indicate occurred Southeastern Anatolia. Goats accompanying migration waves into Mediterranean already characterized two ancestral C variants. ancient separation branch (~130 ka ago) suggests genetically distinct population could have been involved second event domestication. novel diagnostic mutational motifs defined here, distinguish haplogroups, be used understand relationships among remains evaluate whether selection differentially affected mitochondrial genome variants during development economically important