The social psychology of spatiality and crowding

摘要: This thesis applies self-categorization theory (SCT) to the behavioural and experiential dimensions of spatiality crowding. A literature review in Chapter 2 will highlight study ‘personal space’ as a dominant theoretical approach understanding variable crowding experiences. Several problems with conceptualisation be discussed 3, SCT introduced framework, which can explain terms identity group-level processes. 4 investigates impact group relations on spatiality. In 1, participants minimal groups sought closer proximity an in-group member than out-group member. Study used national categories basis for identification. Although non-significant, findings mirrored those 1. Additionally, relationship between perceived difference physical distance was moderated by context interaction. 5 interaction participants’ subjective experience. The hypothesised effect these two independent variables experience not supported. However, studies 3 expressed desire members members. 6 visualised affect. 5, who crowd reported higher positive affect lower negative crowd. 6, imagined ‘crowding’ mediated social physicality, ‘collective joy’ quantified field (study 7), also provided suggestive evidence synchrony increasing laboratory 8) supported suggestion that synchronised movement increase identification, thus leading more close proximity. These finding are two-way embodiment model processes crowds.