Comparison of Periodontal Parameters and Self‐Perceived Oral Symptoms Among Cigarette Smokers, Individuals Vaping Electronic Cigarettes, and Never‐Smokers
作者： Fawad Javed , Tariq Abduljabbar , Fahim Vohra , Hans Malmstrom , Irfan Rahman
关键词:
摘要: Background: There are no studies that have compared periodontal parameters and self-perceived oral symptoms (OS) among cigarette smokers (Group-1), individuals exclusively vaping electronic cigarettes (Group-2) never-smokers (Group-3). The aim was to assess the OS individuals, CS NS.Methods: Demographic data, duration daily frequency of smoking were gathered using a questionnaire. Full mouth plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), depth (PD)≥4mm clinical attachment loss (AL) measured marginal bone (MBL) around all teeth digital radiographs. Numbers missing (MT) also recorded. Odds ratios calculated for assessed ANOVA Bonferroni Post hoc tests. P<0.05 considered statistically significant.Results: Ninety-four male participants (Groups 1, 2 3: 33, 31 30 respectively) inc...
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