Conversion of levulinic acid and alkyl levulinates into biofuels and high-value chemicals

摘要: Levulinic acid (LA) is one of the most important biomass-derived platform molecules and can be produced from both C5 C6 carbohydrates via tandem dehydration hydrolysis reactions. Since LA has different functional groups, it would converted into various compounds by catalyzed During past few decades, been proved that conversion biomass materials biofuels chemicals with as intermediate feasible. Alkyl levulinates derived have similar chemical properties to are also used for synthesis molecules. Herein, this review focuses on transformation levulinic alkyl levulinate high-valued chemicals, such γ-valerolactone, 2-methyltetrahydrofurnan, valeric acid/alkyl valerates, 1,4-pentanediol N-substituted pyrrolidinones. Different homogeneous heterogeneous catalysts reviewed compared. The ligands additives exhibit a remarkable impact distribution products in catalytic systems. Moreover, performances systems influenced numerous factors, size metal particles, surface morphology density. In addition, order make more complete, production included manuscript.