Chlorine dioxide as a treatment for ballast water to control invasive species: shipboard testing.

摘要: Abstract The efficacy of chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) in eliminating organisms present estuarine ballast water a containership was determined under actual operating conditions by comparing the survival planktonic communities waters treated and control tanks. Sampling via ballast-tank hatches. treatment (5 mg L −1  ClO without pre-filtration) delivered prototype ClO -generating system generally effective against assemblages, although bacterial rebounded after few days. Regardless temperature, very phytoplankton; effect immediate, resurgence. Some zooplankters ⩾50-μm fraction may survive biocide, especially those able to find refuge within protective coating (e.g., cysts, resting eggs, shells) or sediment. In order boost efficacy, pre-filtration step is recommended (now installed as standard equipment) lower intake lessen challenge posed this size class.