Navigating Weather, Water, Ice and Climate Information for Safe Polar Mobilities

摘要: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Polar Prediction Project (PPP) was conceived and initiated in 2012 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), through its Weather Research Programme (WWRP), response to rapid environmental change Regions. The primary goal of PPP is advance scientific knowledge such that society, both within outside Arctic Antarctic, may benefit applications improved weather climate services. This includes understanding prediction physical parameters ways people use available information. To this end, Societal Economic Applications (PPP-SERA) working group established 2015. This report represents foundational work PPP-SERA aims explore how weather, water, ice (WWIC) information currently being used produced Regions, whom, for what reasons. also identifies, frames articulates important areas research related provision services should be prioritized further developed during, beyond, Year (YOPP, 2017-19). The concepts value chains human mobilities are document conceptualize complex interaction between production approach facilitates: (a) exploration WWIC-related risks affect movement people, goods places (i.e. mobilities); (b) an examination demand for, mobilization of, WWIC can inform user decisions chain). We identify occurs a variety actors, from formal state institutions, private community-based organizations, Indigenous local obtained range individual actors or groups, positioned increasingly chain use. constitution, functioning implications these not fully understood. Value describe linear processes whereby transferred directly providers users. Today, users only consume but they co-produce data, information, decisionmaking products. has largely been facilitated technological advancement communications via Internet, which promotes decentralization Consequently, it difficult discern whether needs adequately identified addressed adding users. Our analysis indicates activities mobility sectors operating Regions vary widely size scope, diverse terms operational contexts practices. Despite challenge mapping temporal spatial dimensions due paucity consistent we discuss relevant characteristics future prospects distinct including: commercial transportation (shipping aviation); tourism: (c) fishing; (d) resource extraction development; (e) community activities; (f) government research. Most on rise becoming diversified. Users appear dependent specialised technology needed access these. More detailed, specialized near-real-time required provide diversity While higher-quality greater resolution data necessary some, insufficient all. There no ‘one-size-fits-all’ product assist Furthermore, existence more does necessarily mean will used. For valuable used, must trusted, easily understood, accessible, packaged easy transmission remote with limited Internet bandwidth. There need systematic documentation regarding particular uses existing services, thus collect situate their spatial-temporal practices. To respond gaps, in-depth qualitative quantitative explores: needs, behaviours preferences; relationship including co-production services; factors enable constrain to, infrastructure communication needs. PPP-SERA, social scientists involved focuses broadly, contribute addressing some gaps outlined document. We have compiled initial database sources relevance different across regions, envision broader ongoing contributions effort. categorization users, decision factors, sought tailoring products specific mobilities. highlight complexity interconnections Regions. The undergoing dramatic changes while seeing general growth diversification activity. These imply rapidly transforming parameters, ought salient engage them. still unknown extent influence planning, quality considered as significant reducing dynamic polar environments.