Biological Invasions and Ecological Restoration in South Africa

摘要: Invasive alien plant species can be a major cause of ecosystem degradation in South Africa, and recovery may require restoration interventions beyond controlling the target species. Active are usually required if legacy effects result from invasion. Legacy induce regime shifts when thresholds to autogenic breached. In such cases, active will manipulate along trajectory recovery. some control measures sufficient restore structurally functionally representative ecosystem, provided that implementation occurs early invasion process methods do not hamper spontaneous regeneration. It is important key stakeholders discuss set realistic goals at project planning stage. Studies on costs benefits ecological indicate services improved, outweigh clearing (assuming regeneration native ecosystem). The moderate, economically viable, whereas fully restoring structure, functioning composition highly degraded ecosystems rarely deemed justifiable. Valuations specific biodiversity components, as threatened species, remain problematic assess, these components could under-valued studies. African researchers have made significant contributions theory practice ecology globally produced local guidelines for restoration. However, there has been limited uptake implementing projects larger scales. This apparent knowing-doing gap three causes: firstly, insufficient co-production by all projects, including prioritisation goal setting; secondly, shifting invasive ecosystems; thirdly, resources implement necessary scale. To achieve Convention Biological Diversity UN Sustainable Development Goals, must shift alone structure functioning.