How good are we at assessing the impact of ocean acidification in coastal systems? Limitations, omissions and strengths of commonly used experimental approaches with special emphasis on the neglected role of fluctuations

摘要: Much of our past research on ocean acidification has focussed direct responses to pCO2 increase at the (sub-) organism level, but does not produce findings that can be projected into natural context. On basis a review ~350 recent articles mainly effects, we highlight major limitations commonly used experimental approaches. Thus, most common type investigation, simplified and tightly controlled laboratory experiments, yielded wealth short-term physiological acidification, any extrapolation ecosystem level is still problematic. For this purpose, an upscaling required regarding number stressors, ontogenetic stages, species, populations, generations as well incorporation fluctuating intensities stress. Because last aspect seems least recognised, treat in more detail fluctuations carbonate system different temporal spatial scales. We report very rare investigations have assessed biological relevance pH or fluctuations. conclude by pleading case for approaches integrate several organisational levels response side, drivers, interactions environmental various