Nothing in Medicine Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution: A Review

摘要: Applying evolutionary biology to medical problems is surprisingly new and still absent from as well biological teaching, despite the fact that “nothing in makes sense except light of evolution” (T. Dobzhansky Am. Biol. Teach. 35:125, 1973), basis medicine. Evolutionary medicine takes view contemporary diseases are related incompatibility between environment which humans currently live conditions under human evolved genomes have been shaped by a different during evolution. Human activity has recently acutely modified environmental all living beings live. The main result spectacular increased lifespan pronounced change landscape. concept applies every disease state. From an epidemiological viewpoint, simultaneous incidence both autoimmune (type 1 diabetes, Crohn’s disease, etc.) allergic (asthma, childhood allergy, inversely drop infectious diseases. so-called hygiene hypothesis now solidly established its mechanism documented. It involved strong genetic component dysregulation immune system with role attributed interleukin-10. conflict resulting free availability food salt remaining fat- salt-retaining genes considered major determinant rising epidemic obesity, arterial hypertension type 2 diabetes. metabolic syndrome summary these components represents goal for preventive For example, genome-wide association studies identified at least nine significantly associated Cancer may be viewed accelerated form evolution level cancer cells. About one third hundreds mutations so far cancers subject pressure nearly doubling nonsynonymous synonymous substitutions ratio. genome-environment relationship paradigm biologist. equally important medicine, can ascribed threshold on norm reaction curve depends given genotype.