The Impact of Oxidative Stress on Islet Transplantation and Monitoring the Graft Survival by Non-Invasive Imaging

摘要: Islet transplantation is an attractive strategy to treat severe diabetic conditions in patients suffering from autoimmune derived diabetes, and it has currently been considered a forefront research arena diabetes. Major aim of islet achieve successful insulin independent disease free survival. The key challenges transplanted islets are the generation reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokine - (TNFα) mediated apoptotic induction, attack by immune cells, achieving revascularization with minimal hypoxic microenvironment. Free radicals their derivatives constantly produced living systems, but at relatively low level, balanced state. Oxidative which occurs as result imbalance between intracellular production cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms islets, can lead cell death. balance oxidants antioxidants be easily disturbed increase ROS or reduction level defensive substances, cause many metabolic complications, including pancreatic β-cell damage. Antioxidants function blockers radical processes eliminating harmful during normal metabolism. A complex mechanism developed nature cells protect homeostasis. This system mainly includes enzymes, vitamins minerals. As survival crucial for therapy, most these used supplement scavenge local thereby improving islets. Currently, very few techniques have routinely qualitatively quantitatively assess grafts, especially confirm success treatment, parameters such blood glucose, C-peptide levels. These biochemical measurements provide markers only late stages rejection. Use molecular imaging potential real-time non-invasive monitoring functional status viability grafts animals. review focuses on current transplantations, preventive strategies reduce stress-mediated toxicity use tool evaluate