Widespread pyrethroid resistance in Australian diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), is related to multiple mutations in the para sodium channel gene.

摘要: Populations of Plutella xylostella, extending over 3800 km in southern Australia, show no genetic structure as assessed by microsatellite markers; yet outbreaks pyrethroid resistance occur sporadically cropping areas. Since mutations the para voltage-gated sodium channel gene have been implicated resistance, we looked for DNA sequence variation at this target among Australian moths. We found two previously reported species (L1014F and T929I), well a novel substitution (F1020S). Of eight possible haplotypes formed combinations these three biallelic polymorphisms, only four were populations: wild-type allele (w), kdr mutation (kdr) with L1014F, super-kdr-like combination L1014F T929I (skdrl), crashdown F1020S (cdr). Comparison genotype frequencies survivors permethrin assays those from untreated controls identified resistant genotypes: skdrl homozygotes, cdr homozygotes corresponding heterozygote, cdr/skrdl - heterozygote being least either homozygote. Spatial heterogeneity was conspicuous, both across continent local collections, consistent spatial resistance. Further, high samples sometimes associated frequency cdr, skdrl, or combined cdr+skdrl frequency. The alleles explain proportion Australia-wide variation. These data add to evidence that nerve insensitivity para-sodium is common mechanism P. xylostella.