One Is Not Enough: Understanding and Modeling Polysubstance Use.

摘要: Substance use disorder (SUD) is a chronic, relapsing disease with highly multifaceted pathology that includes (but not limited to) sensitivity to drug-associated cues, negative affect, and motivation maintain drug consumption. SUDs are prevalent across the population, 35 million people meeting criteria for SUD. While addiction studied, most investigations of examine in isolation, rather than more context comorbid substance histories. Indeed, 11.3% individuals diagnosed SUD have concurrent alcohol illicit disorders. Furthermore, having one increases susceptibility developing dependence on additional substances. For example, increased risk heroin twofold misusers, threefold marijuana users, 15-fold cocaine 40-fold prescription misusers. Given prevalence associated polysubstance current public health crises, examining these disorders through lens co-use essential translatability improved treatment efficacy. The escalating economic social costs continued rise has spurred interest preclinical models effectively model this phenomenon. Here, we review state field understanding behavioral neural circuitry common pairings alcohol, nicotine, marijuana, other addictive Moreover, outline key considerations when models, including challenges provide insights improve outcomes.