Unravelling the metabolic alterations of liver damage induced by thirdhand smoke

摘要: Abstract Background Thirdhand smoke (THS) is the accumulation of tobacco gases and particles that become embedded in materials. Previous studies concluded THS exposure induces oxidative stress hepatic steatosis liver. Despite knowledge increasing danger exposure, metabolic disorders caused liver are still not well defined. Objectives The aim this study to investigate by male mice evaluate effects an antioxidant treatment exposed mice. Methods We investigated from three groups: non-exposed mice, conditions mimic human THS-exposed treated with antioxidants. Liver samples were analyzed using a multiplatform untargeted metabolomics approach including nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), liquid chromatography coupled high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) laser desorption/ionization imaging (MSI), able map lipids tissues. Results Our allowed annotation eighty-eight metabolites altered amino acids, nucleotides several types lipids. main dysregulated pathways D-glutamine D-glutamate metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism phosphorylation glutathione being last two related stress. also presented higher lipid decrease involved phosphocholine synthesis, as choline deficiency, which Non-Alcoholic Fatty Disease steatohepatitis. Interestingly, reduced some lipids, but could revert all alterations, impairment mitochondrial function. Conclusions alters function at molecular level, dysregulating many pathways. evidences provided here confirm new factor for provide basis future research respect.