Habitat microclimates drive fine‐scale variation in extreme temperatures

摘要: Most multicellular terrestrial organisms experience climate at scales of millimetres to metres, yet most species-climate associations are analysed resolutions kilometres or more. Because individuals heterogeneous microclimates in the landscape, species sometimes survive where average background appears unsuitable, and equally may be eliminated from sites within apparently suitable grid cells microclimatic extremes intolerable. Local vegetation structure topography can important determinants fine-resolution microclimate, but a literature search revealed that vast majority bioclimate studies do not include fine-scale habitat information, let alone representation how affects microclimate. In this paper, we show type (grassland, heathland, deciduous woodland) is major modifier temperature experienced by organisms. We recorded differences among these habitats more than 5°C monthly maxima minima, 10°C thermal range, on par with level warming expected for extreme future change scenarios. Comparable were found relation variation local (slope aspect). Hence, argue effects must included if obtain sufficiently detailed projections ecological impacts develop adaptation strategies conservation biodiversity.