Opioids and neuropathic pain.

摘要: Opioids are broad spectrum analgesics that may be beneficial to alleviate the intense perception of algesia in patients suffering with pain. They have been one most controversial analgesics, part because their potential for addiction. or any currently available analgesic will not provide effective analgesia every patient chronic neuropathic pain (NP), but overall opioids considered a second third line class reasonable some NP. Although NP, overall, NP tends less opioid responsive than nociceptive The mechanisms contribute simultaneously also diminishing antinociceptive properties Some these tolerance and/or opioid-induced hyperalgesia. Hyperalgesia consequently nerve insult and tolerance, both involve N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor share intracellular events producing state neural hyperexcitation. Conversely, therapy processes involved such as cholecystokinin release. Furthermore, within peripheral appears responsive, followed by spinal while supraspinal least opioids. Although, there is no robust evidence specific agent better other at effectively treating it conceivable opioids/opioid-like agents particularly well suited certain from