Changes in corn rootworm wing morphology are related to resistance development

摘要: The western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera LeConte, is the most serious pest of maize across US Corn Belt and now Europe. beetle has repeatedly demonstrated its ability to adapt management strategies through evolution resistance conventional insecticides, cultural practice crop rotation Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin which produced by genetically modified maize. In this study, wing morphology 358 rootworm adults from Iowa, Indiana Illinois, USA, was investigated using geometric morphometric procedures. populations comprised resistant (i.e. soybean–maize Bt-maize variants) non-resistant populations. Data analysis divided into two groups: (1) versus (2) rotation-resistant Results showed that morphological differences exist in hind-wing shape both Bt-maize-resistant variants. Across all three types variants investigated, movement landmarks 8, 9 14 drove found. These relate basal radial vein are a key anatomical character used distinguish different morphotypes rootworm. This study demonstrates utility morphology/shape as an inexpensive accessible population biomarker for With simple equipment (camera mounted microscopes or flatbed scanners) readily available free software capture analyse landmark (shape size) data, it possible effectively monitor development associated field-based population-level differences. biological implications found how relates flight consequently dispersal invasion capabilities also explored.