Fusarinines and dimerum acid, mono- and dihydroxamate siderophores from Penicillium chrysogenum, improve iron utilization by strategy I and strategy II plants

摘要: Cucumber, as a strategy I plant, and Maize II were cultivated in hydroponic culture the presence of ferrated siderophore mixture (1 μM) from Penicillium chrysogenumisolated soil. The significantly improved iron status these plants measured by chlorophyll concentration to same degree 100-fold higher FeEDTA supply. Analysis P. chrysogenum HPLC electrospray mass spectrometry revealed that besides trihydroxamates, coprogen ferricrocin, large amounts dimerum acid fusarinines present which represent precursor siderophores or breakdown products coprogen. In order prove donor properties for plants, purified was hydrolyzed with ammonia hydrolysis consisting fusarinine used uptake cucumber maize. short term experiments radioactive translocation rates determined using ferrioxamine B, While trihydroxamates negligible intermediate both plant species, fungal ammoniacal showed high uptake, suggesting are very efficient sources plants. Iron reduction assays roots ascorbic also bound more easily reduced compared trihydroxamates. Ligand exchange studies epi-hydroxymugineic EDTA exchanged between phytosiderophores EDTA. results indicate an excellent source Fe nutrition