Drainage Responses to Oblique and Lateral Thrust Ramps: A Review

摘要: The relationships between oblique or lateral ramps in fold-and-thrust belts and their impact on syntectonic fluvial drainage are analysed this review. Both ancient recent cases from Cenozoic examined. southern flank of the Pyrenees provides good examples to decipher long-term effects arrangement. Recent Indus River across front Himalayas northwest Pakistan, frontal domains Andes Bolivia Zagros Mountain Belt provide short-term interaction thrust foreland systems. interpretation these case studies, some them developed top blind ramps, can facilitate analysis distortions active complex tectonic regions. Oblique present either permanently episodically at different scales all fold-andthrust belts. simplest scenario is related piggyback basins, which display an ramp linked each termination. This forms natural outlet for confined longitudinal systems along basin. change topography constrains position deltaic deposits a subaerial system deposited its hangingwall open marine footwall. Fluvial also develop footwall larger that grow by inversion earlier structures. growth large beneath operates same way as basins. However, scale causes differential topographic elevation it, accommodating deep turbidites In opposition, growing river create barrier deflects drainage. A complication occurs where two opposed form reentrant. These reentrants characterized lower topography. concentrate rivers flowing out surrounding higher deformed Further development deeper thrusts uplift reentrants, modifying previous concentrated diverting courses towards regions with As example, late Miocene basin during deposition Agha Jari Formation was shifted southwest earliest Pliocene Pusht-e Kuh Arc. configuration incising through Arc anticlines flows lowlands Dezful Embayment (tectonic reentrant), limited major Front Flexure. large-scale Flexure confines Tigris