Psychoendocrine research on sexual orientation. Current status and future options.

摘要: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the existing data on endocrine abnormalities—both in prenatal and adult stage—in homosexual individuals as well evidence concerning sexual orientation with hormone disorders. It also various options for future research light of new developments general behavioral endocrinology. The available male homosexuals versus heterosexuals make it seem highly unlikely that deviations peripheral levels or production after puberty can be held responsible development orientation. Hormone may simply represent an adrenal response to psychological situation female career women, who tend overrepresented samples. from intersex patients offspring treated pregnancies, suggests hormones contribute to, but do not actually determine, abnormal sex histories. large number hypothetical neuro-endocrine mechanisms must considered search explanation homosexuality makes a single mechanism underlies all forms homosexuality. great variability sex-dimorphic and, more specifically, cross-gender behavior patterns already universal hormonal very requires, at least, assumption modification effects by social learning.