Multisatellite Multisensor Observations of a Sub-Plinian Volcanic Eruption: The 2015 Calbuco Explosive Event in Chile

摘要: A-train satellite data, acquired during the Calbuco volcano (Chile) sub-Plinian eruption in April 2015, are discussed to explore complementarity of spaceborne observations microwave (MW), thermal infrared (TIR), and visible wavelengths for both near-source plume distal ash clouds. The analysis shows that TIR-based detection techniques not suitable near volcanic vent where rising convective columns associated with large optical depths. Detection parametric estimates tephra mass loading height from MW radiometric available 69 min after onset, proposed. Results indicate a maximum altitude about 21 km above sea level an $3.65 \times 10^{10}$ kg, agreement values obtained empirical formulas, but less than proximal–distal deposit $1.86 10^{11}$ kg. This discrepancy may be explained by extrapolating Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder-based 6 h, thus obtaining total $1.90 Distal cloud retrievals derived TIR imagery results show good between Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Visible Infrared Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) taking into account overpass time shift. If only overlapping pixels MODIS VIIRS considered, respective 10^{9}$ kg $1.80 loadings also compared Cloud-Aerosol Lidar Pathfinder Satellite Observations lidar retrievals. For low-to-medium optically thick cloud, average Orthogonal Polarization-derived is 0.8 g/m2 against 0.4 1.4 MODIS.