Overlooked sunspot observations by Hevelius in the early Maunder Minimum, 1653–1684

摘要: In the bookMachina Coelestis (1679), Johannes Hevelius lists his daily solar observations from 1653 to 1679. He mentions 19 sunspot groups during this interval, of which 14 are unique and five confirmed by other observers. There an additional 9 interval that were not observed Hevelius. cases he was observing, but in four did observe failed comment upon sunspots. The spots missed or tend occur near end career. This suggests occasionally sunspots usually a reliable observer. These important because they provide us only known listing early years Maunder Minimum. They also overlooked Wolf, Spoerer, Maunder, Eddy, others their study activity seventeenth century. best record maximum 1660 when one lasted at least 86 days as it traversed disk times. same region active for seven rotations.