On beryllium-10 production in gaseous protoplanetary disks and implications on the astrophysical setting of refractory inclusions

摘要: Calcium-Aluminum-rich Inclusions (CAIs), the oldest known solids of solar system, show evidence for past presence short-lived radionuclide beryllium-10, which was likely produced by spallation during protosolar flares. While such $^{10}$Be production has hitherto been modeled at inner edge protoplanetary disk, I calculate here that disk surface may reproduce measured $^{10}$Be/$^9$Be ratios larger heliocentric distances. Beryllium-10 in gas prior to CAI formation would dominate solid. Interestingly, provided Sun's proton X-ray output ratio does not decrease strongly, condensation front increase with time, explaining reduced values a (presumably early) generation CAIs nucleosynthetic anomalies. thus need have formed very close Sun and condensed 0.1-1 AU where sufficiently high temperatures originally prevailed.