The prevalence, child characteristics, and maternal risk factors for the continuum of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: A sixth population-based study in the same South African community

摘要: Abstract Background Prevalence and characteristics of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) have been described previously in this community. Methods Active case ascertainment methods were employed a new cross-sectional study with Revised Institute Medicine criteria among first grade students (n = 735) via dysmorphology examinations neurobehavioral assessments. Their mothers interviewed regarding risk factors. Final diagnoses assigned structured conferences. Results Children syndrome (FAS), partial FAS (PFAS), related-neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND) significantly different from controls on all cardinal variables, multiple traits performance. Mothers children FASD reported more drinking before during pregnancy (mothers 7.8 (±6.1) drinks per day (DDD) prior to 5.1 (±5.9) after recognition). Distal variables for diagnosis the continuum were: lower maternal height, weight, body mass index; higher gravidity; education household income; later recognition. Alcohol tobacco remain only commonly used drugs. Women reporting trimester two DDD 13 times likely (95 % CI:1.3-133.4) child than non-drinkers; those who throughout 19.4 CI:8.2–46.0) FASD. Conclusion Seventeen years community, prevalence remains high at 16 %–31 %. The rate may declined somewhat, but rates PFAS ARND seemed plateau, rate.