Application of perturbed angular correlations to oxides

摘要: Abstract Nearly all elements can be oxidized and develop oxides, often with different oxygen contents in crystalline phases. Applying the classical perturbed angular correlation (PAC)-probes 111In/111Cd or 181Hf/181Ta, probes are usually found on unperturbed cation lattice sites surrounded by atoms. Using oxides of same structure comparing crystal classes position neighbours near probe varied a wide range. This allows testing theoretical concepts electric field gradient (EFG) calculation. In general, melting point an oxide is very high, PAC experiments span huge temperature range from T m = 10 to 1700 K. Two regions known, where show dynamic hyperfine-interactions, which occur when EFG changes direction strength during lifetime probe. At low temperatures electron capture “after-effect” observed, caused availability charge carriers semiconducting isolating oxides. high intrinsic defects mobile atoms ternary move so fast, that undamped perturbation functions arise. Realizing big impact STM AFM surface science, probing technique like for next inside sample seems attractive. past, numerous discussions asked whether inserted PAC-probes really spies—only observers—or if they actually change neighbourhood, supposed analyse. Distortions discussed.