Systemic chemotherapy of transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium

摘要: Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urothelial tract — renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra, and prostatic duct accounts for ~2% all malignant tumors. In 1987, there were an estimated 45,400 new cases bladder cancer diagnosed in United States with a male-female ratio 3:1 annual death rate 10,600 [1]. Although disease is localized at time initial diagnosis 90% patients, 40% -80% will subsequently develop local recurrence or metastatic Despite aggressive surgery and/or radiotherapy, nearly 50% patients invasive die within 18 months their from recurrent [2]. Therefore, needless to say, management this needs be improved systemic chemotherapy may most effective controlling macro- micrometastases. Over past several years, therapeutic advances treatment TCC urothelium have been made through systematic evaluation single agents and, later, various drug combination. A number significant clinical activity identified combination regimens incorporating these active developed that produce high objective response rates substantial portion responses being complete. Thus, we are currently critical stage design strategies tract.