Perinatal and late neonatal mortality in the dog

摘要: Pup mortality is reported to be a significant problem in the dog. The purpose of this thesis was identify extent and causes risk factors. Mortality classified according clinical condition pup at birth pathological investigation designed investigate validity classification. Total mortality, excluding elective euthanasia for show reasons, 18.5%. Perinatal that is, stillbirths deaths occurred first week, accounted 90.9% these losses. Each breed surveyed exhibited specific pattern results one could not used anticipate outcome another breed. As consequence this, there marked difference predictor variables, or factors, identified each Birth weight inter-pup whelping intervals were most consistent variables increased odds dying. principal cause attributed foetal asphyxia, apparently normal pups subjected excessive hypoxia during process they either still born distressed subsequently died. Death asphyxia 7.8% all 42.5% total mortality. majority (82.2%) died 24 hours after birth. death just over half directly dystocia. remaining compromised what appeared whelping. Neonatal atelectasis, pulmonary congestion, inhalation amniotic fluid meconium, leptomeningeal generalised systemic congestion findings pups. Average weights, intervals, parity, presentation litter position predictors due asphyxia. abnormal defined as mummified, had prior birth, small date gross congenital defects present. These 4.9% 26.3% only an interval weight. Since abnormality utero related result no bearing on outcome. live born, pups, neonatal period 5.7% 31.2% Over losses fading puppy syndrome. remainder mismothering / mismanagement other miscellaneous causes. examined Growth retardation consequent susceptibility hypoxia, lung pathology indicative intrauterine and/or very early infections syndrome study. canine perinate totally dependent bitch both uterus immediate post partum period. can divorced from assessment maternal health, influence care immature by bitch. factors must correlated with histological changes dead determine sequence events contributed whelp.