Excavating Y-chromosome haplotype strata in Anatolia

摘要: Analysis of 89 biallelic polymorphisms in 523 Turkish Y chromosomes revealed 52 distinct haplotypes with considerable haplogroup substructure, as exemplified by their respective levels accumulated diversity at ten short tandem repeat (STR) loci. The major components (haplogroups E3b, G, J, I, L, N, K2, and R1; 94.1%) are shared European neighboring Near Eastern populations contrast only a minor share haplogroups related to Central Asian (C, Q O; 3.4%), Indian (H, R2; 1.5%) African (A, E3*, E3a; 1%) affinity. expansion times for 20 assemblages was estimated from associated STR diversity. This comprehensive characterization Y-chromosome heritage addresses many multifaceted aspects Anatolian prehistory, including: (1) the most frequent haplogroup, splits into two sub-clades, one which (J2) shows decreasing variances increasing latitude, compatible northward expansion; (2) G1 L show affinities south Caucasus geographic distribution well motifs; (3) frequency originated Europe, declines longitude, indicating gene flow arriving Europe; (4) conversely, G2 radiates towards (5) E3b3 displays latitudinal correlation northward; (6) R1b3 emanates Turkey Southeast Europe Caucasia and; (7) high resolution SNP analysis provides evidence detectable yet weak signal (<9%) recent paternal Asia. variety is witness being both an important source recipient flow.